World Pasta Day: The History of Italy's Long Love Affair with Pasta

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25 Oct 2024, 13:49

Photo: Collected

On October 25th, people celebrate World Pasta Day to recognize the importance of this comfort food across the globe. Today there are numerous options available in every region and pasta has become a go-to meal. However one cannot forget the contribution of Italians in making it a global food. Pasta is synonymous with the cuisine of Italy and its deep-rooted passion for this dish spans centuries, predating even the Middle Ages. But how exactly did this love affair begin, and what is the real story behind the birth of pasta in Italy?

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A Controversial Beginning
The history of pasta is riddled with mystery and debate. A popular myth suggests that Marco Polo introduced pasta to Italy in the 13th century after his travels to China. However, historians have long debunked this, as pasta was already present in Italy centuries before Polo’s time. Although the exact origin of pasta remains a topic of contention, there are a few theories.

Some suggest that the Etruscans, an ancient civilization predating the Romans in central Italy, might have been the first to make pasta. Evidence from an Etruscan tomb suggests they had tools resembling those used for pasta-making. Yet, this theory is tenuous. A more widely accepted explanation points to Arab traders who introduced pasta to Sicily in the 8th and 9th centuries. They brought with them dried noodles made from durum wheat, ideal for long journeys and perfect for Sicily's climate. Today, Italy remains one of the largest producers of durum wheat, a key ingredient in pasta production.

Despite uncertainty about its origins, one thing is clear: pasta was already being enjoyed in Italy during the Medieval period. References to pasta appear in literature and art, such as Giovanni Boccaccio's 14th-century The Decameron, which humorously describes pasta chefs preparing mountains of ravioli and macaroni. From this point onward, pasta became an integral part of Italian cuisine, spreading throughout the country and evolving into the beloved dish it is today.

Pasta’s Evolution Across Italy

As pasta gained popularity, it transcended class divisions. It became a staple for both the rich and the poor, though prepared differently depending on wealth. For the lower classes, pasta was a cheap and filling source of energy, while the wealthy would enhance their pasta dishes with luxurious ingredients like pork belly, cow udders, and spices such as cinnamon and raisins. Even today, some Sicilian pasta dishes incorporate these traditional Middle Eastern flavors, harkening back to the influence of Arab traders.
By the 17th century, pasta had taken on such importance in Naples that Neapolitans were nicknamed "macaroni eaters." At the time, pasta was being paired with a wide range of ingredients, but it was still a labor-intensive process to make. The word “macaroni” itself comes from a Sicilian term referring to the vigorous kneading of pasta dough, a testament to the effort involved.

Tomatoes And Pasta Became Best Friends
A pivotal moment in pasta history came with the introduction of tomatoes to Europe. Although tomatoes were brought to Europe in the 16th century, they were initially thought to be poisonous and avoided in cooking. It wasn't until the 19th century that the tomato's role in Italian cuisine, particularly in pasta, became solidified. The first recorded instance of tomato sauce being used with pasta appeared in a cookbook by Francesco Leonardi in 1790. From this point onward, the marriage of pasta and tomatoes became an inseparable part of Italian culinary tradition.

The Renaissance Of Pasta

The Italian Renaissance in the 14th to 17th centuries was a time not only of artistic and intellectual advancement but also of culinary innovation. During this period, pasta dishes became more elaborate and refined. Italian chefs started experimenting with sauces, shapes, and new cooking techniques. The introduction of the tomato sauce, along with new pasta shapes like conchiglie (shells) and farfalle (bow ties), elevated pasta from a simple, rustic dish to a culinary art form. At the same time, regional variations in pasta also began to emerge. For example, Naples became famous for spaghetti, while Bologna and Emilia-Romagna developed pasta filled with meat and cheese, such as tortellini.

Pasta’s Journey Beyond Italy
As Italian immigrants traveled the world, they carried their culinary traditions with them, spreading their love for pasta across continents. In many countries, Italian pasta was adapted to local flavors and ingredients, leading to the creation of new dishes that incorporated pasta into diverse cuisines. This exchange enriched Italian cuisine while also making pasta a global phenomenon.

Today, pasta is a symbol of Italian heritage and the country boasts over 300 different types of pasta shapes. From dried pasta (pasta secca) to fresh pasta (pasta fresca), they take great pride in their pasta-making techniques, often drying pasta for longer periods and using ridged molds to maximize sauce absorption. Pasta-making has also seen significant innovation, with modern chefs pushing the boundaries by experimenting with new shapes, ingredients, and flavors. Despite these changes, one thing remains constant: pasta’s deep connection to Italy’s culinary history.

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Whether something bubbles or not is central to whether some people judge it to be cleaning effectively," she says. The same goes for whether something's squeaky or shiny: often, Wakefield-Rann says, people seem to think natural cleaning products don't work because things don't look clean enough when they use them. While cleaning is in some ways necessary to our lives and health, some aspects of how we view it are more cultural says Jo Littler from the media department of Goldsmith's University in London, who together with Emma Casey, senior lecturer in sociology at the University of York, has studied online clean fluencers like Sophie Hinchcliffe, also known as Mrs Hinch. "Having a certain standard of cleanliness or cleaning in a particular way can connect you to people or give you a particular status or make you appear respectable." Social media, Casey says, makes cleaning seem easy. 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