Age of Dhaka City More Than 2,500 Years

Dhaka is 400 years old, such history is known to all. But this history is changing. Archaeological excavations have been carried out inside the former Central Jail on Nazimuddin Road in Old Dhaka. Some of the artifacts found during this period and the existence of ancient forts prove that a huge palace was built here in 1430; That is, a prosperous capital city was in here.

Excavations have found some artifacts, from which archaeologists speculate that human settlement in Dhaka city began even before the birth of Jesus Christ. Between the fifth and second centuries BC. As a result, the age of this town is more than 2,500 years.

Sufi Mostafizur Rahman, professor of the archeology department of Jahangirnagar University and the supervisor of the excavations, presented the findings and surprising information in the discussion titled 'Archaeological Excavation in the Central Jail of Old Dhaka: An Analysis of Dhaka's Early Settlement' held at the Asiatic Society Auditorium on Tuesday (29 October) afternoon.

He said, under his leadership, a group of archeology researchers and students of Jahangirnagar University conducted archaeological excavations in the old central jail from 2017 to 2018. They excavated 11 sites in five locations - the front of the main gate of the jail, the courtyard of Rajnigandha Bhavan, the front of the jail hospital, the Dash Cell, and the western area of ​​Jamuna Bhavan. They found walls, rooms, drains, and wells of an ancient fort. Apart from this, there are many types of archeological specimens including cords, Mughal period metal coins, various types of pottery, and terracotta sculptures.

Sufi Mostafizur Rahman said in the PowerPoint presentation along with the analysis of the pictures and data of these monuments, it was proved from the evidence that there was a palace fort in Dhaka long before the arrival of Islam Khan. The fort was mentioned by Subadar Islam Khan's commander and writer Mirza Nathan in his book 'Baharistan-e-Gayebi', later historians referred to it as 'Dhaka Fort'. Islam Khan lived in this fort. However, after carbon-14 testing at the US Beta Laboratory, evidence from archeological excavations has been found to date back to 1430 AD. As a result, it can now be said with certainty that this fort was built before the arrival of Islam Khan and it is not 'Dhaka Fort', rather, it is consistent to say 'Dhaka's Fort'.

Professor Sufi said, the history of Dhaka before Islam Khan is not clear. It was known from some monuments, including the Binat Bibi Mosque at Narinda, that there was a prosperous settlement here even before the arrival of Islam Khan. But through these excavations, it is proved that not only the town, there was at least one big palace fort and a prosperous city where the Subahdar and his large army of 50,000 soldiers lived.

Apart from this, the more significant finds are some 'Glazed Pottery' (much like ceramic) and 'Rolled Pottery' (smooth and delicately designed), which suggests that Dhaka was inhabited at least from the fifth to the second BC. Because, similar pottery has been found in ancient Pundravardhana (Mahasthangarh) and Wari-Bateshwar and Southeast Asia's India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Cambodia. The discovery of this pottery proves that there was a prosperous settlement here in the early historical period. There is a possibility that this town is connected with the ancient Silk Route. According to that source, it was an important trading center and its age is approximately 2500 years.

According to these statistics, Dhaka city has got the status of capital not only four times but seven times. According to the period, the early historical period (sixth century BC), pre-medieval period (sixth to thirteenth century), Sultanate period (thirteenth-sixteenth century), Mughal period (sixteenth-eighteenth century), the colonial period (1757-1947 AD) ), the Pakistan era (1947–1970 AD) and the capital of independent Bangladesh (1971–present).

The chief guest of the discussion meeting, veteran art historian Professor Habiba Khatun said that this discovery will make the new generation more curious about Dhaka. We used to take pride in Dhaka's Mughal heritage for so long. But now there is no doubt that the history of Dhaka city is more ancient. A new history of pride has come before us.

Mohammad Mahbubul Alam, Md Mamun Dewan, Muhammad Sohrab Uddin, Md. Awlad Hossain and Chand Sultana were connected with this archaeological excavation and research.