Experts warn that cold weather can worsen symptoms of various chronic conditions, including psoriasis, asthma, Raynaud's disease, and arthritis. According to a study published by Harvard Health Publishing, cold temperatures, dry indoor air, and reduced sunlight exposure significantly impact individuals living with these illnesses during the winter months.
Psoriasis Flare-ups Due to Dry Air and Lack of Sunlight
Psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches, tends to worsen in winter due to dry skin, indoor heating, and decreased sunlight exposure. Seasonal infections like strep throat can also exacerbate symptoms. Dr Sally Tan, director of the Atopic Dermatitis Specialty Clinic at Harvard-affiliated Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, recommends taking shorter, lukewarm showers, using a humidifier, and moisturizing with bland, cream-based emollients daily. She also suggests getting 10 to 15 minutes of natural sunlight exposure each day while using broad-spectrum sunscreen, even indoors, to prevent UV damage.
Asthma and Cold Air Trigger Breathing Issues
Asthma symptoms can intensify in cold weather due to airway constriction and inflammation caused by cold air. Dr Nicholas Nassikas, a pulmonologist at Beth Israel Deaconess, notes that cold air cools and dehydrates the airways, leading to bronchoconstriction. To manage asthma, Dr Nassikas advises wearing a mask outdoors to warm the air before inhaling, using a rescue inhaler before extended outdoor exposure, and avoiding smoke and pollution. Adhering to prescribed treatments and taking precautions against viral infections are also essential.
Raynaud's Disease and Reduced Blood Flow in Cold Weather
Raynaud's disease, which affects blood flow to extremities, is more problematic in winter as cold temperatures cause blood vessels in the fingers and toes to narrow excessively, leading to numbness and pain. Dr Vasileios Kyttaris, a rheumatologist at Beth Israel Deaconess, recommends minimizing cold exposure, dressing warmly with layers, and using hand and foot warmers. To ensure warmth, increase thermostat settings and seal drafty windows. In severe cases, doctors may prescribe vasodilators to improve circulation.
Arthritis and the Debate Over Weather-Related Pain
While many arthritis patients report more joint pain during colder months, research on the connection remains inconclusive. Some believe that barometric pressure changes, increased stiffness, and reduced activity contribute to the discomfort. Dr Kyttaris advises those who experience heightened pain to use heat therapy, take warm showers, and wear joint braces to alleviate inflammation. Regular exercise is also key to maintaining flexibility and reducing discomfort.
Consult Your Doctor for Winter Health Management
Doctors recommend adjusting treatments and lifestyle habits to manage symptoms during winter. If symptoms significantly change, individuals should consult their healthcare providers for personalized treatment plans, potential prescription adjustments, or alternative therapies.
